Restoration and Improvement of Fish Culture Ponds

Fish Culture Ponds 

The main requisite of fish culture is the accessibility of land for the fish ponds as well as top-quality fish seeds. Although the production of seeds, might be satisfying, however rearing of those tiny baby fishes in a well-taken care nursery, rearing as well as stocking ponds must be extensively known. All types of fish ponds are required to be drained dry at least once a year. It is necessary to preserve the efficiency of the fish pond. In the following ways:

• Hazardous insects like leeches and so on are destroyed.
• After drying up the fish pond the productivity will be decreased.
• Needed repairs, which cannot be done when the pond is underwater, can be executed after drying out the pond.

Following methods are needed to remember for the reconstruction and renovation of fish culture ponds.

1. Liming

Fish ponds with soft, acidic water in some cases need the addition of lime to enhance fishing. After drying out, lime is sprayed over the bottom of the pond which boosts the productivity in the following means:

1. Lime has an antibacterial action.
2. It destroys undesirable algae and aquatic weeds for a short time period.
3. It kills hazardous marine pests and their larvae.
4. Lime boosts the pH of the fish pond’s soil.
5. Liming causes the mineralization of organic material and so prevents the dispersing of parasites as well as bacterial diseases.

Kinds of Lime used in Pond:

1. Ground limestone (CaCO3).
2. Quick lime (CaO).
3. Caustic or hydrated lime [Ca (OH) 2] Calcium cyanamide (CaCN2).
4. Hydrated lime is the most affordable and also most concentrated while calcium cyanamide is the primary destroyer as well as highly resistant to parasites.

2. Pond Fertilizers:

Pond fertilizers are one of the keys consider enhancing the maximum carrying capacity. Phytoplankton, the key producers of the pond, carry out photosynthesis transforming the inorganic components into the organic matter required for their propagation and development.

Types Of Pond Fertilizers:

There are 2 primary types of pond fertilizers:

• Organic manure
• Inorganic manure/ Chemical fertilizers

Organic fertilizers:

These fertilizers are of animal or plant origin. After they are added to the fish pond, microbes like bacteria disintegrate them aerobically to release their K, P, N, and C components which are after that used by the phytoplanktons making up the food of fishes.

Varieties of Organic manure:

• Feces and urine of animals and fowls.
• Green manure.
• Garden compost.
• Silkworm feces.

Inorganic manure/ Chemical Fertilizers:

These include various inorganic chemicals such as superphosphates, slags, and so on, added to water to release their nutrients immediately. These are of four types:

• Phosphorus fertilizers.
• Potash fertilizers.
• Nitrogenous fertilizers.
• Trace elements/ Micronutrients.

Phosphorus fertilizers

These are thought about as crucial due to the fact that the soil is normally poor in phosphorus material.

Single Super Phosphate (SSP), Triple Super Phosphate (TSP), as well as slags are utilized as additive phosphorus fertilizer in the fish pond culture system.

Potash fertilizers

It is additionally a crucial dietary element of plants. It prefers the development of immersed plants, therefore, boost the quantity of natural food in the water.

Nitrogenous fertilizers

The soil normally has a great quantity of nitrogen which varies from 25mg per 100mg in less fertile soil to around 70 mg per 100 mg in very productive soil. Various nitrogen fertilizers include:

1. Liquid Ammonia
2. Ammonium Sulphate
3. Ammonium Nitrate
4. Sodium Nitrate
5. Urea

Micronutrients/ Trace elements

Micronutrients are required in traces however have been located advantageously for the growth of cultivable fishes. These are combined with other fertilizers such as slags, Kainite, and so on, and supplied to the pond.

3. Aquatic Vegetation

Marine plants are preferable and beneficial to fish cultures yet can create problems with fishing by interfering with angler accessibility. Fish function much better when marine plants cover 20% to 30% of the pond surface throughout the summer.

Plant densities above 30% can trigger fish kills. Aquatic plants can be managed by manual, chemical, and organic approaches. Hand-operated control refers to drawing, raking, reducing, excavating, shading, or trimming plants as well as ought to be carried out in the spring when the plants are initially emerging.

Chemical treatments can be extremely reliable in controlling plants in small areas of a pond. The most effective way to prevent water plant issues appertains pond construction. Shoreline midst of 2 to 3 feet with bank incline proportions of 3:1 is much preferable.