Growth and development go together, to ensure that the elements influencing growth will certainly likewise influence development. Growth and development in living organisms are regulated by both internal and external factors.
A. Internal Factors
1. Gene
Differentiation, growth, and development all are controlled by genetic factors. Genes are materials in chromosomes existing in the center. Genes consist of hereditary factors bestowed to the spawn.
Furthermore, genes work to maintain or manage the reactions in cells, such as protein, enzyme, and hormone developments.
- Gene expression is different among different individuals. There is no specific resemblance between two people even in twins. Gene expression in plants can be seen in various shades, leave form, fruit, stem, elevation, and width of the stem.
- Genetic variants in animals and humans are clearly seen, such as the difference in skin color, body shape, hair color, height, eye color, and others. Due to these distinctions, we can reproduce husbandry animals to gain their meat, egg, milk, and organic leather.
B. Hormones (Growth Factor)
The hormone has a role in controlling both the growth and development of cells. Some plant hormones have essential functions in promoting and controlling the growth and development of plants such as auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, and abscisic acid.
Development and growth in humans are greatly affected by hormones. Hormones are chemical agents generated by endocrine glands. Hormones produced by the gland will be eliminated from the blood and flowed to certain target organs.
Some hormones and organs having duties in human and animal growth and development are as follows.
- HGH (Human growth hormone)
This hormone is generated by the pituitary gland which is affected by the hypothalamus. It works for promoting the development of the body and skeletal system all at once.
It likewise promotes the liver to release polypeptide which will stimulate the growth of muscle mass, cartilage materials, bones, and joint connective tissue. This hormone causes growth in the phases of children and puberty.
- Reproduction Gland
The female reproduction gland is in the ovary which produces a female reproduction hormone called estrogen. This hormone will certainly boost some physical modifications in women teenagers throughout the age of puberty.
The male reproductive gland is the testis. Testis generates hormones directing physical modifications in male teenagers during adolescence. The hormone produced by the testis is called testosterone.
Male adults have a little female hormone and also female adults have a little male hormone. A man has characters but in different quantities.
Women’s recreation gland is in the ovary which produces the female recreation hormone supposed estrogen. This hormone will promote some physical modifications in women teens during the age of puberty. The male sexual gland is the testis. Testis produces hormone routing physical changes in male young adults throughout the age of puberty. The hormone generated by the testis is called testosterone.
Male adults have a little women hormone as well as also female grownups have a little male hormone. A man has characters yet in various amounts.
B. External Factors
1. Food (nutrition /nourishment)
Nutrition has a substantial role in the development and growth of living organisms. Plants and animals need nutrition to produce energy, form cells, and recuperate broken cells. Plants can generate their own food with the help from sunlight (autotroph).
Animals and human cannot produce their own food like plants. To get the nutrients, they get from plants or various other animals. The need for nutrients of animals which of plants are different.
Humans require extra intricate nutrients than other living organisms do. The need for nutritious food is commonly called as four is healthy and five is perfect, which satisfies the need for carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and fibers.
2. Environment
The growth and development of living organisms are also influenced by the environment. Environmental hazards boost the risk of cancer cells, cardiovascular disease, bronchial asthma (due to pollutants in the air), as well as lots of other health problems.
These threats can be physical, such as air pollution, toxic chemicals, and food or water contaminants, or they can be social, such as hazardous work, inadequate residency problems, urban sprawl, and poverty.