{"id":4601,"date":"2021-09-15T09:44:55","date_gmt":"2021-09-15T09:44:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.guyhowto.com\/?p=4601"},"modified":"2021-09-15T09:44:55","modified_gmt":"2021-09-15T09:44:55","slug":"dermis-of-animals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.guyhowto.com\/dermis-of-animals\/","title":{"rendered":"Dermis of Animals"},"content":{"rendered":"
Introduction<\/strong><\/h5>\n

The second layer of the skin that lies below the epidermis is called the dermis. Dermis includes blood vessels<\/a>, small nerves, and pigment cells. It also contains lymphatics, sensory receptors, the basis of multicellular glands, hairs or feathers, and their erector muscles<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The main component of the dermis is collagenous connective tissue. Collagen is a proteinaceous fibril which aggregates with other collagen fibers to form a dense bundle of collagenous connective tissue.<\/p>\n

Dermis in Amphioxus<\/strong><\/h5>\n

The dermis is of different nature in amphioxus. It mainly consists of a layer of gelatinous material having few fibers except in its inner and outer borders.<\/p>\n

Dermis in Fishes<\/strong><\/h5>\n

\"Dermis-in-Fishes\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

In fishes, the dermis has evolved the ability to form dermal scales or plates. In fishes, dermal scales or plates are classified as:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Cosmoid scales<\/li>\n
  2. Ganoid scales<\/li>\n
  3. Placoid scales<\/li>\n
  4. Modern bony scales<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    Cosmoid scales:<\/strong><\/h6>\n

    They were present on early lobe-finned fishes and are not found in any fish today alive. They are precursors of ganoid, placoid, and modern bony scales. A substance called cosmine<\/strong> was present in the dentin of these scales. That is why called Cosmoid scales.<\/p>\n

    Ganoid scales:<\/strong><\/h6>\n

    There are two types of ganoid scales. The first type is called, paleoniscoid<\/strong> scales which are genuine, old-fashioned ganoid scales present on Polypterus, Latimeria, and Calamoichthyes. The second type known as lepidosteoid<\/strong> scales is present on garfish. They have no dentin or ganoid.<\/p>\n

    Placoid scales:<\/strong><\/h6>\n

    They are present on sharks, rays, and skates and show resemblance to the denticles of ostracoderms which were ancient armored fishes. In this type of scale, dentin and enamel formed a spine that protrudes through the typical epidermis.<\/p>\n

    The basal plate embedded in the dermis is thin lamellar bone. These scales change into teeth at the margin of jaws.<\/p>\n

    Modern bony scales:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

    There are two types of modern bony scales.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Cycloid scales<\/li>\n
    2. Ctenoid scales<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      They are the characteristic of teleosts and modern lobed-finned fishes. The only difference between the two types is that ctenoid scales have a comb-like free border called Ctenoid.<\/p>\n

      Fishes such as Cyclostomes, eels, and catfishes have lost the ability to form scales.<\/p>\n

      Dermal Ossification in tetrapod<\/strong><\/h5>\n

      In tetrapods, bony dermal scales are called osteoderms. Osteoderms develop on some amphibians, reptiles, and few mammals<\/a>. Birds lack any dermal scales.<\/p>\n

      Apodans<\/strong><\/h5>\n

      Apodans \u2013 the limbless amphibians and some tropical toads have dermal scales. In the osteoderms are microscopic between the furrows of skin and macroscopic within furrows.<\/p>\n

      Crocodilians<\/strong><\/h5>\n

      They have large oval osteoderms. The young of some species of lizards have osteoderms under the epidermal scales of the head. Except for leather backs, turtles are truly armored vertebrates.<\/p>\n

      Mammals<\/strong><\/h5>\n

      Among mammals, dermal armor is present only in Armadillos and t lies below the dermal scales.<\/p>\n

      Function of dermis<\/strong><\/h5>\n
        \n
      • Maintain body temperature (thermoregulation).<\/li>\n
      • Aid in controlling blood pressure and flow.<\/li>\n
      • Has sensory receptors so respond to pressure, heat, cold, etc.<\/li>\n
      • Support the skin.<\/li>\n
      • Protect the deeper layers of skin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        The second layer of the skin that lies below the epidermis is called the dermis. Dermis includes blood vessels, small nerves, and pigment cells.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4603,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nDermis of Animals: Amphioxus, Fishes, tetrapod and Function of dermis<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The second layer of the skin that lies below the epidermis is called the dermis. 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