{"id":3778,"date":"2021-04-15T18:11:12","date_gmt":"2021-04-15T18:11:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.guyhowto.com\/?p=3778"},"modified":"2024-01-23T13:46:19","modified_gmt":"2024-01-23T13:46:19","slug":"variation-and-its-types","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.guyhowto.com\/variation-and-its-types\/","title":{"rendered":"Variation and its Types"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"overview-style\">\n<p><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Variations in organisms occur by different mechanisms of genetic recombinations and genetic mutations.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>These variations make natural selection possible. And natural selection acts over many generations.<\/li>\n<li>It can increase the proportion of mutants in the population.<\/li>\n<li>Most of the variations are produced by the environment.<\/li>\n<li>Thus, the environment has a great role in affecting gene expression. In gametes, crossing over plays the role for recombinants. These produce variations.<\/li>\n<li>If variations are positive, they are supported by nature.<\/li>\n<li>And if variations or mutations are harmful, they are eliminated. Hence, variation leads to evolution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h5><strong>What is Variation?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Genetic variation is necessary to the processes of natural selection and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.guyhowto.com\/evidences-of-biological-evolution\/\">biological evolution<\/a>. The genetic variations that occur in a population occur by chance, however, the process of natural selection does not. Variation means the distinctions (morphological, physiological, cytological, and behaviouristic) among the individuals of the same species and the offspring of the same parents.<\/p>\n<p>Variation is essential in the process of evolution of a species, as genetic diversity is an aspect enabling natural selection to occur. That is, particular variants are selected for and against based on the environment. Different versions of a gene (or variations) that are present within the population are called alleles.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Causes of Variation<\/strong><\/h5>\n<h6><strong>DNA Mutation<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p>A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence. These variations in gene series can often be useful to an organism. Most mutations that lead to hereditary variation produce traits that provide neither an advantage nor disadvantage. Anomalies lead to hereditary variation by altering genes and alleles in a population.<\/p>\n<h6><strong>Gene Flow<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p>Likewise called gene migration, gene flow presents new genes into a population as organisms move into a new environment. New gene combinations are made possible by the accessibility of new alleles in the gene pool. Gene frequencies might also be changed by the migration of organisms in or out of a population.<\/p>\n<h6><strong>Recombinations in Sexual Reproduction<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p>Sexual reproduction promotes hereditary variation by producing different gene combinations. Meiosis is the process by which sex cells or gametes are created. The genetic recombination of genes also occurs during crossing over or the switching of gene sections in homologous <a href=\"https:\/\/www.guyhowto.com\/chromosomes-structure-discovery-functions\/\">chromosomes<\/a> during meiosis.<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Types of Variations<\/strong><\/h5>\n<h6><strong> Somatic or Somatogenic Variations:<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p>The variations affect the somatic or body cells of the organisms. They are likewise called adaptations or acquired characters since they are acquired by an individual during their life time. However, these are non-inheritable. They are triggered by three elements&#8211; environment, usage, and disuse of organs, and mindful efforts.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Environmental Factors:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The environmental elements are medium, light, temperature, nutrition, wind, supply of water, and so on. The ecological factors cause only slight adjustments in animals but in plants, the modifications are much more conspicuous.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Use and Disuse of Organs<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This is mainly observed in higher animals. The organ which is put to constant use establishes more while the organ less pre-owned develops a little bit. For example, the blacksmith develops a larger bicep in the arm that works the hammer.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Conscious Efforts:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Variations due to mindful efforts are observed only in those animals that have intelligence. Getting an education, training some pets, etc. are some of the examples of conscious efforts.<\/p>\n<h6><strong> Germinal or Blastogenic Variations<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p>They are produced in the cells of an organism and are inheritable. They might be already present in forefathers or may be formed unexpectedly. Appropriately, the germinal variations are of two types, continuous and discontinuous.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Continuous variation<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This explains variation in which lots of alleles have little effect on the phenotype. There is no clear separation into unique categories, as measurements are on a continuous scale. Human height is an example of continuous variation. It varies from that of the fastest individual on the planet to that of the tallest person. Any height is possible in between these ranges. So, it is a continuous variation. For any species, a characteristic that changes slowly over a variety of ranges shows continuous variation. Examples of such attributes are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>height<\/li>\n<li>weight<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6><strong>Discontinuous variation<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p>This explains variation in which various alleles of one gene have a large result on the phenotype of the organism. With this type of variation, individuals can be grouped into distinct classes. A characteristic of any species with only a minimal variety of possible ranges shows alternate variation. The human blood group is an example of discontinuous variation. In the ABO blood group system, only four blood groups are possible (A, B, AB, or O). There are no ranges in between, so this is a discontinuous variation.<\/p>\n<p>Here are some examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>blood group<\/li>\n<li>colors of birds within species<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><strong>The effect of variation<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>With altering, allele frequencies come altering genotype and phenotype frequencies. Different genotypes can be associated (discreetly or dramatically) with positive or negative effects on fitness because of the environment. For that reason, a few of these phenotypes\/genotypes are favored, and these individuals can reach reproductive age and pass down their genetic information, biasing the population towards a specific phenotype, and changing allele frequencies in the gene pool.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>MCQs with Answers<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"mcqs-style\">\n<ol>\n<li><strong>What is the role of genetic variation in natural selection and evolution?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>A. It has no impact on natural selection<\/li>\n<li>B. It inhibits the process of evolution<\/li>\n<li>C. It is crucial for natural selection and evolution<\/li>\n<li>D. It accelerates extinction<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer: C<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>What defines variation in organisms?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>A. Differences in behavior only<\/li>\n<li>B. Distinctions in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.guyhowto.com\/genetics-scope-importance-of-genetics\/\">genetics<\/a> only<\/li>\n<li>C. Distinctions in morphology, physiology, cytology, and behavior<\/li>\n<li>D. Distinctions in morphology only<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer: C<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>What is a mutation in the context of genetic variation?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>A. An adaptive trait<\/li>\n<li>B. A change in the DNA sequence<\/li>\n<li>C. An irreversible genetic disorder<\/li>\n<li>D. A result of natural selection<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer: B<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Which factor contributes to the introduction of new genes into a population through gene flow?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>A. Genetic mutations<\/li>\n<li>B. Gene migration<\/li>\n<li>C. Crossing over in meiosis<\/li>\n<li>D. Environmental changes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer: B<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>What is the primary mechanism for hereditary variation in sexual reproduction?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>A. DNA mutations<\/li>\n<li>B. Gene flow<\/li>\n<li>C. Crossing over in meiosis<\/li>\n<li>D. Somatic variations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer: C<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Which type of variation affects the body cells and is non-inheritable?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>A. Germinal variation<\/li>\n<li>B. Somatic variation<\/li>\n<li>C. Discontinuous variation<\/li>\n<li>D. Continuous variation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer: B<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>What is an example of continuous variation?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>A. Human blood group<\/li>\n<li>B. Colors of birds within a species<\/li>\n<li>C. Height<\/li>\n<li>D. Weight<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer: C<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Which variation affects the cells of an organism and is inheritable?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>A. Somatic variation<\/li>\n<li>B. Continuous variation<\/li>\n<li>C. Germinal variation<\/li>\n<li>D. Discontinuous variation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer: C<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>In the context of variations, what is the role of environmental factors?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>A. They have no impact on variations<\/li>\n<li>B. They cause only slight adjustments in animals<\/li>\n<li>C. They primarily affect plants<\/li>\n<li>D. They induce discontinuous variations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer: B<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>What is the significance of gene frequencies in variation?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>A. They have no correlation with variations<\/li>\n<li>B. They determine environmental factors<\/li>\n<li>C. They influence genotype and phenotype frequencies<\/li>\n<li>D. They control somatic variations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer: C<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Which variation involves alleles having little effect on the phenotype?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>A. Discontinuous variation<\/li>\n<li>B. Environmental variation<\/li>\n<li>C. Continuous variation<\/li>\n<li>D. Somatic variation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer: C<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>What describes a variation where individuals can be grouped into distinct classes?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>A. Somatic variation<\/li>\n<li>B. Discontinuous variation<\/li>\n<li>C. Continuous variation<\/li>\n<li>D. Germinal variation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer: B<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>In the ABO blood group system, what type of variation is observed?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>A. Somatic variation<\/li>\n<li>B. Continuous variation<\/li>\n<li>C. Discontinuous variation<\/li>\n<li>D. Environmental variation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer: C<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>What type of variation is observed in the colors of birds within a species?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>A. Germinal variation<\/li>\n<li>B. Discontinuous variation<\/li>\n<li>C. Somatic variation<\/li>\n<li>D. Continuous variation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer: B<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>How do positive variations impact the evolutionary process?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>A. They hinder evolution<\/li>\n<li>B. They lead to extinction<\/li>\n<li>C. They are eliminated by nature<\/li>\n<li>D. They contribute to evolution<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer: D<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>What causes variations in somatic or body cells?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>A. Conscious efforts<\/li>\n<li>B. Gene flow<\/li>\n<li>C. Environmental factors<\/li>\n<li>D. Recombinations in sexual reproduction<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer: A<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>What is the primary outcome of variation in organisms?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>A. Acceleration of extinction<\/li>\n<li>B. Inhibition of natural selection<\/li>\n<li>C. Contribution to evolution<\/li>\n<li>D. Indifference to environmental changes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer: C<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"summary-style-1\">\n<h3><strong>Summary:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The tutorial on &#8220;Variation and its Types&#8221; provides an in-depth understanding of genetic variations and the mechanisms contributing to natural selection and evolution.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The overview emphasizes that variations occur through genetic recombinations and mutations, acting over multiple generations. The environment plays a significant role in gene expression, with crossing over in gametes contributing to recombinants and introducing variations. If variations are positive, they are supported by nature, contributing to evolution.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What is Variation?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The concept of genetic variation is explored, highlighting its necessity for natural selection and biological evolution. Alleles, representing different versions of a gene, are crucial for genetic diversity within a population.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Causes of Variation:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Causes of variation, such as DNA mutations, gene flow, and recombinations in sexual reproduction, are discussed. These processes lead to hereditary diversity.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>DNA Mutation:<\/strong> A change in the DNA sequence, often useful to an organism.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gene Flow:<\/strong> Also called gene migration, introduces new genes into a population as organisms move into a new environment.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Recombinations in Sexual Reproduction:<\/strong> Promotes hereditary variation by producing different gene combinations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Types of Variations:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Different types of variations, including somatic or body variations, germinal or inheritable variations, and continuous and discontinuous variations, are explained.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Somatic or Somatogenic Variations:<\/strong> Affect body cells, acquired during an individual&#8217;s lifetime, non-inheritable.\n<ul>\n<li><em>Environmental Factors:<\/em> Medium, light, temperature, nutrition, etc.<\/li>\n<li><em>Use and Disuse of Organs:<\/em> Observed in higher animals.<\/li>\n<li><em>Conscious Efforts:<\/em> Observed in intelligent animals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Germinal or Blastogenic Variations:<\/strong> Produced in cells, inheritable, continuous or discontinuous.\n<ul>\n<li><em>Continuous Variation:<\/em> Many alleles with little effect on phenotype.<\/li>\n<li><em>Discontinuous Variation:<\/em> Different alleles have a large effect on the phenotype.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>The Effect of Variation:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The tutorial concludes by discussing the effects of variations on allele frequencies, genotype, and phenotype frequencies. Positive variations, supported by nature, contribute to evolution, while harmful variations are eliminated. Overall, the tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and types of variations, illustrating their vital role in the evolutionary processes of organisms.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Genetic variation is necessary to the processes of natural selection and biological evolution. 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