{"id":36,"date":"2020-08-24T12:29:52","date_gmt":"2020-08-24T12:29:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.guyhowto.com\/?p=36"},"modified":"2023-12-22T14:52:48","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T14:52:48","slug":"copy-directory-in-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.guyhowto.com\/copy-directory-in-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Copy Directory in Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

In Linux, you may copy directories by using different ways. In this tutorial, I will explain how to copy directories in Linux.<\/p>\n

The cp command:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

As the two-letter command suggests, cp stands for the copy<\/em>.<\/p>\n

The cp<\/strong> command will help you to achieve that. Using cp<\/strong> command, it is possible to copy a directory along with a whole subdirectory with its content and everything under it.<\/p>\n

The other way of copying the directories and files in Linux is async<\/strong> command.<\/p>\n

The cp and rsync<\/em> are among the most well-known commands for copying files and directories.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

How to use cp command?<\/strong><\/h5>\n

The simple way of using the cp command without specifying any options:<\/p>\n

$ cp source_directory destination_directory<\/div>\n

For example:<\/p>\n

$ cp direcorty1 directory2<\/div>\n

Using cp with options:<\/strong><\/p>\n

cp -option\u00a0 source destination<\/div>\n

With multiple options:<\/strong><\/p>\n

cp -opt1 -opt2\u00a0 src dest<\/div>\n

Note:<\/strong> You may see all the available options by executing this command:<\/p>\n

cp –help<\/div>\n
Copy all files and subdirectories example<\/strong><\/h5>\n

In the cp command example, we will copy all the files and subdirectories (including their contents) from the source directory to the destination directory.<\/p>\n

In order to copy all contents, use the cp command as follows:<\/p>\n

$ cp -R \/home\/docs\/office\/ \/jam\/home\/<\/div>\n

The above command will copy all the contents of the office directory to the home directory. In that case, if the destination directory does not exist, it will create a new directory.<\/p>\n

The -R<\/strong> option is used to copy directories recursively.<\/p>\n

Note: <\/strong>The letter R is case insensitive. So, you may also use -r in the above command.<\/p>\n

Preserving attributes by -a option<\/strong><\/h5>\n

In order to keep the attributes like ownership, timestamps etc. you may use the -a option.<\/p>\n

The example command used both options i.e. \u2013r and \u2013a as follows:<\/p>\n

$ cp -aR \/home\/docs\/office \/jam\/home\/<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Note:<\/strong> Linux is case-sensitive and needs the \/ after every directory to be aware it isn’t a document. The ~ is a special character from the terminal which automatically adjusts into the current user’s home directory. Should you have to understand what directory you’re in, use the pwd<\/strong> <\/em>command.<\/p>\n

How to display the copying process<\/strong><\/h5>\n

For displaying the copying process, you may use the \u2013v option in the cp command. An example command is shown below:<\/p>\n

$ cp -avr \/home\/docs\/office \/jam\/home\/<\/div>\n
How to copy multiple directories?<\/strong><\/h5>\n

If you require copying multiple directories by using the cp command then just separate directories with space as shown in the example command below:<\/p>\n

$ cp -avr \/src1\/* \/src2\/* \/tar_dir<\/div>\n
Using the * wildcard example<\/strong><\/h5>\n

You may also copy all the files and folders from one directory to another by using the * wildcard. For example:<\/p>\n

$ cp -v \/home\/welcome\/Documents\/* \/backup\/<\/div>\n
The second way of copying in Linux: Using the rsync command<\/strong><\/h5>\n

The rsync command is a file copying tool that you may use to copy the directory contents to the remote location as well.<\/p>\n

To see all available option with rsync command, execute this command:<\/p>\n

$ rsync –help<\/div>\n

This should output like this:<\/p>\n

\"linux<\/p>\n

The syntax for using rsync command<\/strong><\/h5>\n

The simple syntax for using the rsync command is:<\/p>\n

rsync -ar \u00a0SOURCE DESTINATION<\/div>\n

The example of rsync command<\/strong><\/p>\n

$ rsync -ar \/home\/src \/media\/dest<\/div>\n

This command should copy the contents of the home\/src folder to the media\/dest folder.<\/p>\n

Copy in archive mode example<\/strong><\/h5>\n

The \u2013a option tells to copy in the archive mode. This will copy the folder with all its permissions.<\/p>\n

For example:<\/p>\n

$ rsync -a \/home\/src \/media\/dest<\/div>\n
Copy in compressed mode example<\/strong><\/h5>\n

For copying the data by compressing the files, you may use the \u2013z option. This is useful if you are copying to the remote locations. An example with a remote location is:<\/p>\n

$ rsync -avz \/home\/src\/ server1.yourservername.com:\/home\/media\/dest\/<\/div>\n

Seeing the progress of copying by \u2013p example<\/strong><\/p>\n

Use the \u2013p<\/strong> option for seeing the progress of copying. An example:<\/p>\n

$ rsync -avP \/home\/src\/ server1.yourservername.com:\/home\/media\/dest\/<\/div>\n
Copying multiple directories by rsync command<\/strong><\/h5>\n

For copying multiple directories, separate the folder names by space:<\/p>\n

$ rsync -a \/dir1 \/dir2 \/dest\/<\/div>\n

FAQs about Copy Directory in Linux<\/h3>\n
\n

Q1: How can I copy a directory in Linux using the cp command?<\/strong>A1: You can use the cp command by providing the source directory and the destination directory. For example:<\/p>\n

$ cp source_directory destination_directory<\/div>\n

Q2: What are the basic options available with the cp command for copying directories?<\/strong><\/p>\n

A2: The basic syntax is:<\/p>\n

cp -option source destination<\/div>\n

For example:<\/p>\n

$ cp -R \/home\/docs\/office\/ \/jam\/home\/<\/div>\n

Q3: How can I copy all files and subdirectories, including their contents, from one directory to another using the cp command?<\/strong><\/p>\n

A3: Use the -R (or -r) option with the cp command to copy directories recursively. For instance:<\/p>\n

$ cp -R \/home\/docs\/office\/ \/jam\/home\/<\/div>\n

Q4: What is the purpose of the -a option in the cp command, and how does it affect the copying process?<\/strong><\/p>\n

A4: The -a option preserves attributes like ownership and timestamps during the copying process. For example:<\/p>\n

$ cp -aR \/home\/docs\/office \/jam\/home\/<\/div>\n

Q5: How can I display the copying process using the cp command?<\/strong><\/p>\n

A5: Use the -v option with the cp command to display the copying process. For instance:<\/p>\n

$ cp -avr \/home\/docs\/office \/jam\/home\/<\/div>\n

Q6: Can I copy multiple directories simultaneously using the cp command?<\/strong><\/p>\n

A6: Yes, you can copy multiple directories by separating them with spaces. For example:<\/p>\n

$ cp -avr \/src1\/* \/src2\/* \/tar_dir<\/div>\n

Q7: What is the second method to copy directories in Linux, and how does it differ from the cp command?<\/strong><\/p>\n

A7: The second method is using the rsync command. It is a file copying tool that allows copying directory contents to a remote location. For example:<\/p>\n

$ rsync -ar \/home\/src \/media\/dest<\/div>\n

Q8: How does the -z option in the rsync command contribute to the copying process?<\/strong><\/p>\n

A8: The -z option enables compression during the copying process, which can be useful when copying to remote locations. For instance:<\/p>\n

$ rsync -avz \/home\/src\/ server1.yourservername.com:\/home\/media\/dest\/<\/div>\n

Q9: What is the purpose of the -p option in the rsync command, and how can it be used to monitor the copying progress?<\/strong><\/p>\n

A9: The -p option in the rsync command is used to see the progress of copying. For example:<\/p>\n

$ rsync -avP \/home\/src\/ server1.yourservername.com:\/home\/media\/dest\/<\/div>\n

Q10: Can I copy multiple directories using the rsync command, and how should they be specified in the command?<\/strong><\/p>\n

A10: Yes, you can copy multiple directories by separating their names with spaces. For example:<\/p>\n

$ rsync -a \/dir1 \/dir2 \/dest\/<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Best practices for using Copy Directory commands<\/h3>\n

When copying directories in Linux using commands like cp and rsync, it’s important to follow best practices to ensure accuracy, efficiency, and avoid unintended consequences. Here are some best practices:<\/p>\n

For cp Command:<\/strong>
\nBe Explicit with Options:<\/p>\n

Clearly specify options to avoid unintended behaviors. For example, use -a to preserve attributes.<\/p>\n

$ cp -aR \/source \/destination<\/div>\n

Avoid Ambiguous Wildcards:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Be cautious when using wildcards (*) to prevent unexpected matches. Always double-check the paths.<\/p>\n

$ cp -v \/source\/* \/destination\/<\/div>\n

Use -i for Interactive Mode:<\/strong><\/p>\n

When copying to existing destinations, consider using the -i option to prompt for confirmation before overwriting.<\/p>\n

$ cp -i \/source\/file.txt \/destination\/<\/div>\n

For rsync Command:<\/strong>
\nUnderstand the -a Option:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Be aware that the -a option in rsync stands for archive mode, preserving permissions, ownership, and timestamps.<\/p>\n

$ rsync -av \/source\/ \/destination\/<\/div>\n

Consider -n for Dry Run:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Before executing a large copy operation, use the -n option for a dry run to see what would be copied without making changes.<\/p>\n

$ rsync -an \/source\/ \/destination\/<\/div>\n

Include –progress for Visibility:<\/strong><\/p>\n

To monitor the progress of the copy operation, include the –progress option.<\/p>\n

$ rsync -av –progress \/source\/ \/destination\/<\/div>\n

General Best Practices:<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. Check Available Disk Space:<\/strong>\n
      \n
    • Before copying large directories, ensure that there is sufficient disk space on the destination.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • Backup Important Data:<\/strong>\n
        \n
      • For critical operations, consider making backups or using version control systems to avoid data loss.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • Use Absolute Paths:<\/strong>\n
          \n
        • Provide absolute paths to ensure accuracy, especially when working with scripts or automated processes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
        • Test with Small Directories:<\/strong>\n
            \n
          • Before copying large datasets, perform tests with smaller directories to validate the commands and options.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
          • Check Permissions:<\/strong>\n
              \n
            • Ensure that the user running the command has the necessary permissions to read from the source and write to the destination.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
            • Be Mindful of Symlinks:<\/strong>\n
                \n
              • Understand how symbolic links are handled by the commands and whether you want them preserved or resolved.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
              • Consider Logging:<\/strong>\n
                  \n
                • For critical operations, consider logging the copy process for future reference.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Remember to adapt these best practices based on your specific use case and requirements. Always double-check commands, especially when dealing with important data or performing operations on production systems.<\/p>\n

                  Let’s Wrap Up<\/h3>\n
                  \n

                  To summarize, copying directories in Linux can be accomplished through various methods, primarily using the cp<\/code> and rsync<\/code> commands. The cp<\/code> command is a straightforward tool for copying directories, and it can be used with different options to achieve specific results.<\/p>\n

                  Copying with cp<\/code> Command:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • The basic syntax for copying with cp<\/code> is: cp source_directory destination_directory<\/code>.<\/li>\n
                  • The -R<\/code> (or -r<\/code>) option is used for recursive copying, including all subdirectories and their contents.<\/li>\n
                  • The -a<\/code> option preserves attributes like ownership and timestamps during the copying process.<\/li>\n
                  • The -v<\/code> option displays the copying process, providing visibility into the files being copied.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Example of cp<\/code> Command:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                    $ cp -aR \/home\/docs\/office\/ \/jam\/home\/<\/div>\n

                    Copying Multiple Directories with cp:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                    $ cp -avr \/src1\/* \/src2\/* \/tar_dir<\/div>\n

                    Using Wildcard (*) with cp:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                    $ cp -v \/home\/welcome\/Documents\/* \/backup\/<\/div>\n

                     <\/p>\n

                    Copying with rsync<\/code> Command:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • The rsync<\/code> command is a powerful file-copying tool that works locally or remotely.<\/li>\n
                    • The basic syntax for using rsync<\/code> is: rsync -ar SOURCE DESTINATION<\/code>.<\/li>\n
                    • The -a<\/code> option tells rsync<\/code> to copy in archive mode, preserving permissions and other attributes.<\/li>\n
                    • The -z<\/code> option enables compression during the copying process, useful for remote copying.<\/li>\n
                    • The -p<\/code> option allows monitoring the progress of copying.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      Example of rsync<\/code> Command:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      $ rsync -avz \/home\/src\/ server1.yourservername.com:\/home\/media\/dest\/<\/div>\n

                      Copying Multiple Directories with rsync:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      $ rsync -a \/dir1 \/dir2 \/dest\/<\/div>\n

                      In conclusion, the cp<\/code> and rsync<\/code> commands provide flexible and efficient ways to copy directories in Linux.<\/p>\n

                      The choice between them depends on specific requirements, such as preserving attributes, monitoring progress, or copying to remote locations.<\/p>\n

                      Understanding these commands enhances your ability to manage and manipulate directories in a Linux environment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      In Linux, you may copy directories by using different ways. In this tutorial, I will explain how to copy directories in Linux.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":37,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nHow to Copy Directory in Linux: Learn with 17 Commands<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In Linux, you may copy directories by using different ways. 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