Vernier Calipers
Vernier Calipers are tools that acquire that much-required precision. The Vernier scale was developed in 1631 by French mathematician Pierre Vernier to get dimensions a lot more precisely than a typical measuring range.
Vernier ranges can be used on microscopes, stereotaxic frameworks, and micromanipulators. These calipers are useful in gauging the diameter of round objects. Their circular jaws fit firmly on either side of the circumference of round objects.
Vernier calipers have two types of scales- a fixed main scale as well as a moving Vernier scale. The main scale is generally in millimeters or 1/10th of an inch. Vernier calipers score well over common rulers since they can determine precise readings up to 0.001 inches. Vernier scales are utilized together with the Vernier calipers for precise measurements.
Vernier Reading:
Vernier reading is the smallest measurable range caught by a Vernier caliper. It is also described as the “Resolution” of the Vernier caliper.
Zero Error and Zero Correction
To find the zero error, shut the jaws of Vernier Calipers gently. If the zero line of the vernier range coincides with the zero of the main scale then the zero error is zero. Zero error will certainly exist if the zero line of the vernier scale is not coinciding the zero of the main scale.
Zero error will certainly be positive if the zero line of the vernier scale gets on the right side of the zero of the main scale and it will be negative if the zero line of the vernier scale is on the left side of zero of the main scale.
Taking a Reading on Vernier Calipers
Let us find the size of a solid cylindrical object by using Vernier Calipers. Place the solid cylinder in between the jaws of the Vernier Calipers. Shut the jaws till they push the contrary sides of the object delicately.
Keep in mind the total divisions of the main scale past the vernier scale zero in a tabular form. Next, locate the vernier scale division that coincides with any kind of division on the main scale. Multiply it by the least count of Vernier Calipers as well as include it in the main scale reading.
This is equal to the diameter of the solid cylinder. Add zero correction (Z.C) to get the right measurement. Repeat the above method as well as record at the very least three readings with the solid cylinder displaced or rotated each time.
Least Count
The difference between one small division on main scale division and one vernier scale division is 0.1 mm. It is called the least count (LC) of the Vernier Calipers. Least count of the Vernier Calipers can also be found as given below:
L.C = 0.1mm or 0.01 cm
MCQs about Vernier Calipers
- What is the purpose of Vernier Calipers?
- A) To measure temperature
- B) To measure time
- C) To measure dimensions with precision
- D) To measure volume
- Answer: C) To measure dimensions with precision
- Who developed the Vernier scale?
- A) Isaac Newton
- B) Albert Einstein
- C) Pierre Vernier
- D) Galileo Galilei
- Answer: C) Pierre Vernier
- What is the smallest measurable range captured by a Vernier caliper called?
- A) Main reading
- B) Vernier reading
- C) Scale reading
- D) Caliper reading
- Answer: B) Vernier reading
- How is zero error determined in Vernier Calipers?
- A) By shutting the jaws tightly
- B) By measuring a known object
- C) By comparing the Vernier scale with the main scale
- D) By rotating the caliper
- Answer: C) By comparing the Vernier scale with the main scale
- When does zero error exist in Vernier Calipers?
- A) When the zero line of the Vernier scale coincides with the zero of the main scale
- B) When the zero line of the Vernier scale is not coinciding with the zero of the main scale
- C) When the caliper is not properly calibrated
- D) When the object being measured is too small
- Answer: B) When the zero line of the Vernier scale is not coinciding with the zero of the main scale
- How is the size of a solid cylindrical object measured using Vernier Calipers?
- A) By counting the divisions on the main scale
- B) By estimating visually
- C) By placing the object between the jaws and reading the Vernier scale
- D) By using a ruler
- Answer: C) By placing the object between the jaws and reading the Vernier scale
- What is the least count of the Vernier Calipers?
- A) 0.01 mm
- B) 1 mm
- C) 0.1 cm
- D) 0.01 cm
- Answer: A) 0.01 mm
- How can you find the least count of Vernier Calipers?
- A) By dividing the main scale into equal parts
- B) By counting the number of divisions on the Vernier scale
- C) By subtracting the main scale reading from the Vernier scale reading
- D) By subtracting one main scale division from one Vernier scale division
- Answer: D) By subtracting one main scale division from one Vernier scale division
- What does zero error indicate in Vernier Calipers?
- A) The accuracy of the measurement
- B) The precision of the measurement
- C) The deviation from true zero
- D) The quality of the instrument
- Answer: C) The deviation from true zero
- What does Vernier reading represent?
- A) The main scale reading
- B) The resolution of the Vernier caliper
- C) The diameter of the object being measured
- D) The least count of the Vernier caliper
- Answer: B) The resolution of the Vernier caliper
- How is zero correction calculated in Vernier Calipers?
- A) By adding the Vernier reading to the main scale reading
- B) By subtracting the Vernier reading from the main scale reading
- C) By multiplying the Vernier reading by the least count
- D) By dividing the Vernier reading by the least count
- Answer: B) By subtracting the Vernier reading from the main scale reading
- What is the primary advantage of using Vernier calipers over common rulers?
- A) Vernier calipers are cheaper
- B) Vernier calipers can measure dimensions more precisely
- C) Vernier calipers are easier to use
- D) Vernier calipers have larger scales
- Answer: B) Vernier calipers can measure dimensions more precisely
- How are Vernier calipers typically used?
- A) To measure weight
- B) To measure volume
- C) To measure dimensions of round objects
- D) To measure time
- Answer: C) To measure dimensions of round objects
- What types of scales do Vernier calipers have?
- A) Only a fixed main scale
- B) Only a moving Vernier scale
- C) Both a fixed main scale and a moving Vernier scale
- D) Neither a fixed main scale nor a moving Vernier scale
- Answer: C) Both a fixed main scale and a moving Vernier scale
- Which component of Vernier calipers is responsible for capturing precise measurements?
- A) Main scale
- B) Vernier scale
- C) Jaws
- D) Handle
- Answer: B) Vernier scale
Summary of Vernier Calipers Tutorial
Introduction to Vernier Calipers
Vernier Calipers, a vital tool for precision measurement, were introduced by French mathematician Pierre Vernier in 1631 to achieve more accurate measurements than conventional measuring instruments. These instruments find applications in diverse fields such as microscopy and metrology, enabling precise dimensional assessments.
Components and Functionality
Consisting of fixed main scales and movable Vernier scales, Vernier calipers facilitate exact measurements by capturing the smallest discernible range, known as the Vernier reading. Circular jaws enable secure measurement of round objects, enhancing versatility in applications.
Zero Error Correction
Zero errors, if present, are identified by ensuring alignment between the Vernier scale and the main scale zero. Positive or negative zero errors signify deviations from the true zero point, necessitating correction for accurate measurements.
Taking Measurements
To measure an object, Vernier calipers are delicately shut around it, ensuring a snug fit. Readings are then obtained by aligning Vernier and main scale divisions, enabling precise determination of dimensions.
Least Count Calculation
The least count, indicating the smallest measurable difference, is typically 0.1 mm. This parameter is crucial for understanding the precision of measurements and is calculated by evaluating the difference between main scale and Vernier scale divisions.
Conclusion
Equipped with the knowledge provided in this tutorial, users can effectively utilize Vernier calipers to achieve precise measurements in various applications, ensuring accuracy and reliability in dimensional assessments.